Wikimedia Commons Calamity Jane poses in front of Wild Bill Hickok's grave. They initially agreed not to fight over the watch, but when Hickok saw Tutt wearing it, he warned him to stay away. In the early 1990s ABC television series Young Riders, a fictional account of Pony Express riders, Hickok is portrayed by Josh Brolin.[80]. Most newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869. He was found not guilty by a miners court after telling judges that Hickok killed his brother, though later accounts showed McCall had no brothers. The 10th Regiment arrived at Fort Lyon in Colorado in October and remained there for the rest of 1868. In another account of the Coe shootout: Theophilus Little, the mayor of Abilene and owner of the town's lumber yard, recorded his time in Abilene by writing in a notebook, which was ultimately given to the Abilene Historical Society. Best Known For: Wild Bill Hickok was an American frontiersman, army scout and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. [28] Tutt's shot missed, but Hickok's struck Tutt through the heart from about 75 yards (69m) away. He was released on $2,000 bail and stood trial on August 3, 1865. Hickok may have been acting sheriff before he was elected; a newspaper reported that he arrested offenders on August 18, and the commander of Fort Hays wrote a letter to the assistant adjutant general on August 21 in which he praised Hickok for his work in apprehending deserters. [13][14] He was also known before 1861 among Jayhawkers as "Shanghai Bill" because of his height and slim build. Funeral services will be held at Charlie Utter's Camp, on Thursday afternoon, August 3, 1876, at 3 o'clock P. M. All are respectfully invited to attend. Tutt called out, "Boys, I'm killed", before he collapsed and died. Hickok left his new bride a few months later, joining Charlie Utter's wagon train to seek his fortune in the gold fields of South Dakota. Hickok accused a J.V. Not having the courage to do it himself, he one day filled about 200 cowboys with whiskey intending to get them into trouble with Wild Bill, hoping that they would get to shooting and in the melee shoot the marshal. Born in Homer (later called Troy Grove), Illinois, James Butler Hickok . Fox met Jessie when she interviewed Jane for an article in Illustrated American magazine. The trial did not last more than fifteen minutes.[23]. and that Deft. But by January 1903 she was back with her mother once more, a fact verified by the Belle Fourche Bee in South Dakota. The. Calamity Jane! Jessie withdrew from the Academy a short time later, but in January of 1896, Jane was finally able to take her to St. Martins Academy in Sturgis. All rights reserved. This incident added to his fame as a gunslinger, which skyrocketed when journalist and later explorer Sir Henry Morton Stanley reported as fact in the New York Herald in 1867 Hickoks exaggerated claim that he had killed 100 men. Before and during Hickok's lifetime (1837-1876), the most readily available firearms were cap-and-ball, or percussion. The way Wild Bill conducted himself in his later years was a direct correlation for what he did when he was a young boy. Jessie later said that the Deadwood Chief of Police wrote her about Janes death in 1903. Quay House, The Ambury, In 1857, Hickok claimed a 160-acre (65ha) tract in Johnson County, Kansas, near present-day Lenexa. Still, feeling he had escaped punishment, McCall began to brag to anyone that would listen that he had killed Wild Bill Hickok. Corrections? One story claimed he killed a bear with his bare hands and a bowie knife. Jan MacKell Collins is the author of numerous books about the Old West, the latest isLost Ghost Towns of Teller County. In any case, Hardin appeared to have thought highly of Hickok. [21] Hickok subsequently visited McCanles' widow, apologized for the killing, and offered her $35 in restitution, all the money he had with him at the time. Although McCall accepted the money, he was apparently insulted. In 1869 Hickok became sheriff of Hays City, Kansas, where he killed several men in shootouts. [25][26]:136 Hickok had not been paid for some time, and was hired as a scout by General John B. Sanborn by early 1865. Were Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane married, and did they have a daughter? [18] On March 22, 1858, he was elected one of the first four constables of Monticello Township. After his release, McCall had lingered in Deadwood for a short while before heading to Wyoming. Some contemporaneous reports of his exploits are known to be fictitious, but they remain the basis of much of his fame and reputation. "[49], Hickok and Phil Coe, a saloon owner and acquaintance of Hardin's, had a dispute that resulted in a shootout. A legend during his life and considered one of the American west's premier gunfighters, James Butler ("Wild Bill") Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Troy Grove, Illinois. . When Jane arrived in Deadwood, South Dakota in 1895, she told others that she needed money to enrol Jessie in a convent school at Sturgis. They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). Wild Bill Hickok was born on May 27, 1837 in Troy Grove, Illinois. Children: Possibly two daughters; . [12], While in Nebraska, Hickok was derisively referred to by one man as "Duck Bill" for his long nose and protruding lips. She was Maude Weir, born in 1881. Hickok was born and raised on a farm in northern Illinois at a time when lawlessness and vigilante activity were rampant because of the influence of the "Banditti of the Prairie". Hickok remains a popular figure of frontier history. "Wild Bill's Sweetheart: The Life of Mary Jane Owens. ", DeMattos, Jack (1980). Overall, it was reported that Hickok had killed over 100 men during his lifetime. On August 2, 1876, Wild Bill Hickok died a sudden, violent death while gambling in a saloon in Deadwood, South Dakota. Hickok was bedridden for months before he went to southern Nebraska in the summer of 1861 to work at the Pony Express station at Rock Creek. [d] The jury voted to clear Hickok, resulting in public backlash and criticism of the verdict. As a very young boy, Bill was born to father William Alonzo Hickok and mother Polly Butler. By the end of 1861, he was a wagon master, but in September 1862, he was discharged for unknown reasons. One account of him, written in the late 1860s, described Hickok as six feet tall, lithe, active, sinewy, [a] daring rider, [a] dead shot with pistol and rifle, [with] long locks, fine features and mustache, buckskin leggings, red shirt, broad-brim hat, twin pistols in belt, rifle in hand. Despite his rough-and-ready ways, Hickok was also said to have been genteel and courteous and to have enjoyed dressing with panache in the latest styles of the day. Wild Bill Hickok's iconic status is rooted in a shootout in July 1861 in what came to be known as the McCanles Massacre in Rock Creek, Nebraska. Several sources, including Jessie, verify the child was born on October 28. "[55], On March 5, 1876, Hickok married Agnes Thatcher Lake, a 50-year-old circus proprietor in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. At the end of the trial, Judge Sempronius H. Boyd told the jury they could not find Hickok acted in self-defense if he could have reasonably avoided the fight. On October 5, 1871, Hickok was standing off a crowd during a street brawl when Coe fired two shots. They arrived in Topeka on April 2. Im glad shes come [home from school] while youre here, Jane told Fox, fer I want you to see her. Hickok moved to Leavenworth in the Kansas Territory, where he joined Jim Lane's Free State Army (also known as the Jayhawkers), an antislavery vigilante group active in the new territory during the Bleeding Kansas era. Keith Bell Manchester, United Kingdom Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. Hardin alleged that when his cousin, Mannen Clements, was jailed for the killing of two cowhands (Joe and Dolph Shadden) in July 1871, Hickokat Hardin's requestarranged for his escape. McCanles reportedly threatened Wellman, and either Wellman or Hickok, who was hiding behind a curtain, killed McCanles. [50] The two entrepreneurs had painted a picture of a bull with a large erect penis on the side of their establishment as an advertisement. He afterward resumed using his given name, James Hickok. In 1941, Jean Hickok McCormick appeared in Billings, Montana. Coe claimed that he was shooting at a stray dog,[g] and then suddenly turned his gun on Hickok, who fired first and killed Coe. Less than a month after Hickok's death, the trial was found to have no legal status because Deadwood was located in Indian Territory - McCall's acquittal was deemed invalid. He died in 1887. The event haunted Hickok for the rest of his life. In fact, William Hickok (senior) was so opposed to slavery that it's been reported that the Hickok house was a station for the Underground Railroad, where black slaves stopped for refuge on their journey north to freedom. [3] [4] James was the fourth of six children. Wild Bill Hickok was one of the early "Heroes of the West." He had built a reputation as an extraordinary gunfighter with a sense of fairness and justice. August 18, 1876, image 3", "Jack McCall Cowardly Killer of Wild Bill Hickok", "American Wonder Wild Bill Hickok Shot and Killed from Behind on This Day in History", Bozeman Avant Courier, December 22, 1876, image 1, testimony of George M. Shingle, "Riverboat captain 'carried' bullet that killed Hickok", "Jack McCall and the Murder of Wild Bill Hickok", "Wild Bill Hickok: Pistoleer, Peace Officer and Folk Hero", Photograph of Wild Bill Hickok's Colt Model 1851 Navys, "Wild Bill Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. [52], In 1876, Hickok was diagnosed by a doctor in Kansas City, Missouri, with glaucoma and ophthalmia. Hickok and Brinks were charged with murder but found not guilty. Lorenzo Butler Hickok spoke with McCall after the trial, and said McCall showed no remorse. [h], McCall's motive for killing Hickok is the subject of speculation, largely concerning McCall's anger at Hickok's having given him money for breakfast the day before, after McCall had lost heavily. In July, 1865, in Springfield, Missouri's town square, Hickok killed Davis Tutt, an old friend who after personal grudges escalated became an enemy. Astrological Sign: Gemini, Death Year: 1876, Death date: August 2, 1876, Death State: South Dakota, Death City: Deadwood, Death Country: United States, Article Title: Wild Bill Hickok Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/personality/wild-bill-hickok, Publisher: A&E Television Networks, Last Updated: July 28, 2020, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. Hickok's retort is one of the West's most famous sayings (though possibly apocryphal): "Did the crow have a pistol? During Wild Bill Hickok 's life he was many things such as, an actor, gambler, lawman, and a marksman specialists. Mulvey angrily declared that he had come to town to kill Hickok. 10 Black Pioneers in Aviation Who Broke Barriers, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Wild Bill Hickok, Birth Year: 1837, Birth date: May 27, 1837, Birth State: Illinois, Birth City: Troy Grove, Birth Country: United States. Just weeks later, on her deathbed in Terry, South Dakota, Jane confessed that she and Jessie were now estranged and declined to say where her daughter was living. His exploits as a gunfighter, scout, and lawman were legendary and he became the topic of many fictionalized accounts. He claimed he was avenging Hickok's earlier slaying of his brother, which may have been true; a man named Lew McCall had indeed been killed by an unknown lawman in Abilene, Kansas, but whether or not the two McCall men were related is unknown. Wild Bill Hickok's proficiency with a pistol is well known, but there remains some confusion concerning how he used his weapons and which ones he actually used. It is a loose adaptation of Hickok's life, ending with his famous aces-and-eights card hand. authorities, and after trial has been sentenced to death for willful murder. Trachoma is often associated with poverty and poor hygiene that allows the bacteria to infect and re-infect eyes; if left untreated, it can cause blindness. Citizens warned Mulvey to behave, because Hickok was sheriff. This was the last time Hickok was ever involved in a gunfight; the accidental death of Deputy Williams was an event that haunted Hickok for the remainder of his life. During the Civil War he found employment as a teamster and spy for the Union Army. He was famous on the Deadliest Catch for his hard work, knowledge of fishing, and quick-witted humor. American folk hero and lawman (18371876), For the American football player and industrialist, see, Arapaho Joe and Colorado Charlie Utter at Hickok's grave, photograph date unknown, Pistols known to have been carried by Hickok. McCall was brought to trial the next day. The cards Hickok had been holding when he was shot and killeda pair of black aces and a pair of black eights plus an unknown fifth cardbecame known as the Dead Mans Hand.. He was born James Butler Hickok on 27 May 1837 in Troy Grove, Illinois. https . When he saw Hickok, he leveled his cocked rifle at him. In 1859, he joined the Russell, Majors and Waddell freight company, the parent company of the Pony Express. Hickok is a playable character in the 2018 board game Deadwood 1876 by Faade Games. [23][b], After the Civil War broke out in April 1861, Hickok became a teamster for the Union Army in Sedalia, Missouri. At Castle City, Montana in 1893, when Jane was running a restaurant, she had with her the daughter of one of her soldier friends in Texas who probably was Jessie. Hickok moved west in 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane's Free State (antislavery) forces in Kansas. How Did Wild Bill Hickok Die? Also in 1995, he's depicted as a character in an episode of Legend (TV series) by William Russ, possibly most famous for his role in Wiseguy (TV series). Hickok was sent from Abilene to arrest Matt Dillon (William Conrad) for the murder of a man he had thrown out of Dodge earlier that month. McCormick had a lot of written proof too, which was largely believed by those who met her. During the Civil War, he served as a wagon master, scout, detective, courier, and spy. Hickok joined the antislavery Free State Army of Jayhawkers and, having already become skilled with a gun as a youth, served as a bodyguard for Gen. James H. Lanes. Alonzo and Polly Hickok moved to Illinois in 1833, finally settling in Troy Grove (known as Homer at the time), LaSalle County, along the banks of the Little Vermillion Creek. After a brief visit from Hickok, who then rode off into the sunset, a sea captain named James ONeil happened to find her. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}10 Black Pioneers in Aviation Who Broke Barriers. She was the eldest of as many as six children born to Robert and Charlotte (Burch) Cannary. [72] As of 2020, the flag is no longer flown. The incident began when David McCanles, his brother William and several farmhands came to the station demanding payment for a property that had been bought from him. [34]:34 The show featured six buffalo, a bear, and a monkey, and one show ended in disaster when a buffalo refused to act, prompting Hickok to fire a bullet into the sky. A semifictionalized version of Hickok's time as marshal of Abilene Kansas, titled Hickok (2017), stars Luke Hemsworth as Hickok, Trace Adkins as the Bull's Head Saloon keeper Phil Coe, Kris Kristofferson as Abilene mayor George Knox, and Kaiwi Lyman-Mersereau as John Wesley Hardin. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. He fought against slavery with General James Lane in Kansas, and operated as a constable in Johnson County. The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. He was later elected constable of Monticello Township in Johnson County, Kansas. ", "James Butler Hickok May 27 1837 - August 2 1876 Better known as "Wild Bill" Hickok", "James Butler 'Wild Bill' Hickok, Early Deadwood", "Nebraska Legends: Rock Creek Station and the McCanles Massacre", "Chronology on Life of James Butler HICKOK, Wild Bill Hickok, Old West Kansas", "Rock Creek Station State Historical Park", "Legal Culture, Wild Bill Hickok and the Gunslinger Myth", "Myths and Realities of Frontier Violence: A Look at the Gunfighter Saga", "Frontier Hero - Reminiscences of Wild Bill Hickok by his old Friend Buffalo Bill", "The State Journal (Jefferson City, Mo. More concrete evidence of Jessie came from Charles Zimmerman, who remembered Jane and her daughters frequent visits to his familys ranch near Billings, Montana in 1893. Standing some 50 yards away from his subject, Hickok "without sighting his pistol and with his eye" rang off six shots, each of them hitting the direct center of the letter. Hickok was of English ancestry. Hickok was severely injured, with a crushed chest, shoulder, and arm. The old cemetery was in an area that was better suited for the constant influx of new settlers to live on, so the remaining bodies there were eventually also moved up the hill to the Mount Moriah Cemetery (in the 1880s). This cemetery filled quickly, and in 1879, on the third anniversary of Hickok's original burial, Utter paid to move Hickok's remains to the new Mount Moriah Cemetery. During the next several years he appeared in Buffalo Bill Codys Wild West Show, living off his fame as the consummate gunfighter. On July 21, 1865, in a shootout in Springfield, Missouri, he killed David Tutt, a skillful gunfighter who had been flaunting the watch he won from Hickok in a poker game. It was the last word on a true child of one of the wildest women of the west. McCanles may have been the first man Hickok killed. Calamity Jane. [6], Hickok was a good shot from a young age, and was recognized locally as an outstanding marksman with a pistol. She said she was the daughter of Jane and Wild Bill Hickok, and was born in a cabin near Livingston, Montana in 1873. In July 1865, "Wild Bill" Hickok shot and killed Davis Tutt in Springeld, MOthe rst quick-draw duel on the frontier. In July, Hickok told a newspaper reporter that he had led several soldiers in pursuit of Indians who had killed four men near the fort on July 2. He became a deputy U.S. marshal, and on March 28, 1868, he picked up 11 Union Army deserters who had been charged with stealing government property. Six months later Jane visited friends in Deadwood, stating Jessie had married and was living in North Dakota with two children. 2 Army revolver, a five-shot, single-action, .32-caliber weapon, innovative as one of the first metallic cartridge firearms and favored by many Union officers during the Civil War. [57] The two possibly met for the first time after Jane was released from the guardhouse in Fort Laramie and joined the wagon train in which Hickok was traveling. In 1941, Jean Hickok McCormick appeared in Billings, Montana. It was at this time that Hickok came across a bear blocking a road, an encounter that would become part of the lore surrounding him: Hickok shot the bear, which only angered it, and a struggle ensued, during which Hickok used a knife to slit the bears throat, but not before he was nearly crushed to death. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1977). Four of the men on the self-appointed committee who planned Calamity's funeral (Albert Malter, Frank Ankeney, Jim Carson, and Anson Higby) later stated that, since Hickok had "absolutely no use" for Jane in this life, they decided to play a posthumous joke on him by laying her to rest by his side. [33], In September 1865, Hickok came in second in the election for city marshal of Springfield. On July 21, 1865, the two men faced off in Springfield's town square, standing sideways before drawing and firing their weapons. Both of his parents loved each other very much and always remained together. The bear then grabbed his arm in its mouth, but Hickok was able to grab his knife and slash its throat, killing it. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1984). The incident helped contribute to the overall failure of the show. In the melee, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone moving towards him and responded with two shots killing his deputy Mike Williams. [6][35] Witnesses confirm that while working as a scout at Fort Harker, Kansas, on May 11, 1867, Hickok was attacked by a large group of Indians, who fled after he shot and killed two. before shooting Hickok in the back of the head at point-blank range. Around this time, young James Hickok began using his father's name of William - the 'Wild' part came later - and he also met Buffalo Bill Cody, then just a messenger boy on a wagon train. Wild Bill Hickok, byname of James Butler Hickok, (born May 27, 1837, Homer [now Troy Grove], Illinois, U.S.died August 2, 1876, Deadwood, Dakota Territory [now in South Dakota, U.S.]), American frontiersman, army scout, and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. by Marshall Trimble | Nov 1, 2007 | Inside History. Like his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickok was the son of an abolitionist. As the scene unfolded, McCanles entered the station, and, from behind the curtain that divided it in two, either Hickok or Wellman shot McCanles. I would have rather been somewhere else, but Bill stopped. Few could help her verify the truth, and Jean McCormick was of little help. Some said the two men fought over a card game, while others attributed the duel to competition for the attention of a woman named Susannah Moore. He usually sat with his back to a wall so he could see the entrance, but the only seat available when he joined the game was a chair facing away from the door. On the afternoon of August 2, 1876, he was playing cards with his back to the door, something he seldom did. [73], Hickok's favorite guns were a pair of Colt 1851 Navy Model (.36 caliber) cap-and-ball revolvers. Writing in 1911, he detailed his admiration for Hickok and included a paragraph on the shooting that differs considerably from the reported account: "Phil" Coe was from Texas, ran the "Bull's Head" a saloon and gambling den, sold whiskey and men's souls. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wild-Bill-Hickok, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Wild Bill Hickok, Wild Bill Hickok - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The new trial was held in Yankton, the capital of the Dakota Territory. In addition to many exploits she was known for being an acquaintance of Wild Bill Hickok.Late in her life, she appeared in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show and at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition.She is said to have exhibited compassion to others . 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