CLIMATE CHANGE POSES a major threat to a biota already in decline. ILLUMINATED BY A RED spotlight, a pair of small eyes peers down at us from 25m above in an aged and stately red box tree. In Australia at the end of 2019 and start of 2020, 97,000km2 of forest and surrounding habitats were destroyed by intense fires that are now known to have been made worse by climate change. The Western Australian Museum acknowledges and respects the Traditional Owners of their ancestral lands, waters and skies. But I think we have to be careful with some of those more utilitarian arguments for different aspects of nature. They include: While the Act provides new arrangements for Biodiversity Conservation Covenants, these arrangements do not replace or invalidate existing registered Nature Conservation Covenants which will continue unaffected by the Biodiversity Conservation Act. live, learn and work. One species eats another, each is important. The success of Western Shield and previous programs has resulted in the removal of the woylie, tammar wallaby and quenda from Western Australia's threatened species list. Both State and Commonwealth regimes apply the mitigation hierarchy (Australian Government, 2012; The Government of Western Australia, 2011). salinization and waterlogging of ecosystems; over-grazing of native vegetation by domestic animals, loss of soils and altered hydrology in the pastoral rangelands; over-exploitation of native plants and animals; and, the ability for the Minister to approve Biodiversity management programmes;. So we are certainly facing enormous challenges, but I am also optimistic, I do see strong responses to that, both at governmental level but really driven by a groundswell of change, and I think that connection between people and nature is really fundamental, and enhancing that connection enables us to articulate more clearly and argue more persuasively for change at the highest level. WABSI will contribute to this need by providing more certainty around the decision making processes. 44-50. This equates to retaining natural . By subscribing you become an AG Society member, helping us to raise funds for conservation and adventure projects. Its a cold, wet winters night in Woomargama, in southern NSW, and were looking for squirrel gliders along a green road a patch of old-growth woodland on Bruce Lynchs farm. Then, almost immediately after we discover its alive, in comes climate change, says Mike. All ecosystems now show the impact of the dominant species, humans. Postal: 23 Eaglehawk Drive, Ravenswood 6208 Biodiversity Concervation Act 2016. It helps us fight climate change and adapt to it as well reduce the impact of natural hazards. Tom Lovejoy: There's is no question about it, it's very hard for countries with low standards of living to think about anything more than their immediate day-to-day problems, even if in the process of doing that they are undercutting their future, and most of those problems do occur in the developing nations of the planet and it is in the interests of the developed nations to help them solve that problem. Theres no doubt in my mind that we can do this if were not fettered by pessimisminnovative approaches are popping up all over Australia.. We acknowledge the traditional custodians throughout Western Australia and their continuing connection to, and deep knowledge of, the land and waters. Key points: Australia second behind Indonesia for biodiversity loss Spending on conservation reduced loss Habitat loss, invasive species drive species decline in Australia ONE ALPINE SPECIES the GER may not be able to help is the mountain pygmy possum. According to the CSIRO, habitat loss from land clearing is a primary driver of biodiversity loss in Australia. Biodiversity is valued by people for many reasons. But tell me, without being supercilious, do you have fly spray in your house? Make miniature mechanised minions with teeny tiny tools! In the past 20 years extinctions have also become common on continents. The Ministerial Guidelines provide further details on the criteria and procedures that apply. [It] also supports a lot of wildlifeand there are a lot of resources there, says Nigel. Environmental sustainability professor Barry Brook from the University of Tasmania said there were a number of pressures threatening biodiversity in Australia. In other words, I love everything and every part of biodiversity, I think it's a crying shame and it's an irreversible loss when we lose that. 1).It experiences a strongly Mediterranean climate with frequent droughts (Saunders et al., 1993, Hobbs and Cramer, 2003) and is part of the South West Australian Floristic Region, a recognized global biodiversity hotspot (Mittermeier et al . Australian Geographic acknowledges the First Nations people of Australia as traditional custodians, and pay our respects to Elders past and present, and their stories and journeys that have lead us to where we are today. Celebrity Life. Bringing farmers like Bruce and Mark on board for conservation is a key step in halting biodiversity decline and an important way to link fragmented habitats. "Many, many species will be lost." Nick Moir. Since the arrival of Europeans in Australia, just over 200 years ago, there has been an extraordinary increase in the rate of environmental change and in the loss of biodiversity. Robyn Williams: Yes, the ants mean lunch and dinner for half the Australian population, including the furry ones. This enables decision makers to avoid and minimise impacts and, where necessary, develop complementary management strategies, such as biodiversity offsets and restoration to manage residual impacts. Minister backs down in fight to keep WA live sheep exports afloat. ABN 18 602 180 512, Office: Lower Ground Floor, 3 Richardson Street, West Perth WA 6005 Charles Darwin noted that the species richness here could be due to the fact this was a relatively wet pocket of land isolated by ocean to the west and the desert of the Nullarbor to the east. Indigenous people have been interacting with Australia's natural environment for tens of thousands of years. A variety of grants are already available as incentives from public and private bodies. The growing demands of an expanding human population (often associated with changes in demography) and growing global markets are placing additional pressures on our natural wealth with long-lasting consequences. Speaking on a panel discussing biodiversity at the Association of Superannuation Funds of Australia Conference in Brisbane last week (21-23 February), Sawtell-Rickson was asked for her views on how carbon and biodiversity credits should be scrutinized to . Two-thirds of Australia has lost its unique birdlife.' Similarly, Australia lost 5-10% of its biodiversity between 1996 and 2008 while high levels of deforestation to make way for agricultural plantations have particularly affected the species rich rainforests of Indonesia. Many pastoral properties contain significant conservation values, both in the traditionally understood sense of biodiversity values but also [in the] ecosystem services they provide, such as being a source of fresh water, says Doug Humann, CEO of Bush Heritage. The research, published in the journal Science, found that human land use has driven down the population of many species to a dangerous extent across vast swathes of the planet. Koolanooka Springs, Morawa. Retrieved from Department of Parks and Wildlife Service: https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/plants-and-animals/468-biodiversity-conservation-act-2016, Integrate Sustainability Pty Ltd Nigel agrees that there are a whole lot of opportunities in the balance between sustainable resource use and conservation. While researching the scarlet pear gum, an endemic eucalypt, Stephen found it to be visited almost exclusively by honeyeaters, suggesting that some eucalypts are better suited to bird than insect pollinators. When we go away, theres such a beautiful feeling when we come back herethe smells and fragrances at different times of year, or when its wet it helps you get grounded and get rid of some of the stress of the city, Wayne says as we watch a horse cantering across a paddock far below. So I think there's fascinating stories and there are important lessons to learn, almost wherever we look in the natural world. He is drawn to unusual projects, which he describes as walking out on the edgewhere a lot of the good science is. The excitement doesnt last long, though; a few camera flashes reveal the eyes belong to a common ringtail possum. Surely thats not a greater glider? exclaims one of our small party. Australia is ranked third in the world for the most species extinction, and number one when it comes to extinctions of mammals. Like the Tasmanian tiger, we will not fully appreciate the species until we lose it, which is a real possibility.. Richard Fuller: We spend a lot of time studying migratory birds, species that migrate from Australia up to the Arctic and back, and that has been a fascinating line of work, looking at the amazing migration journeys of these animals, the threats that they face along the way, and what could be done about those threats. by Samantha Mickan | Jun 25, 2018 | Environment, Download PDF:ISPL Insight WA unique biodiversity. Wetlands are neither water nor earth but exist in the meeting of these two, changing seasonally to become more or less of each element, and blending the two elements to form mud. Ian Pulsford explains that this animal already survives at the top of the regions elevation range, so there simply isnt anywhere for it to go. A genial Aussie with an American accent, Mike gesticulates as he meanders from one fascinating topic to another. Such connections are a major focus of some new conservation approaches. Professor Fuller, you glory in the name of a laboratory, the Fuller Laboratory at the University of Queensland. Most of our work on Our World in Data focuses on data and research on human well-being and prosperity. This possum with the taxonomic name Burramys parvus is the only hibernating marsupial and inhabits the high alpine boulder fields of NSW and Victoria. A ustralia's biodiversity is in trouble. Agriculture destroys biodiversity by converting natural habitats to intensely managed systems and by releasing pollutants, including greenhouses gases. Write an article and join a growing community of more. Yet the pressures placed on ecosystems from human impact and changing climate are increasing, with more species lost due to extinction. The study clearly linked adequate conservation funding to better species survival, which makes it all the. Robyn Williams: My final question, someone who is on one of your slides, Paul Ehrlich from Stanford University who has always for decades come across to Australia to study birds and various other creatures, and he has said that we've got several gigantic global problems at the moment, obviously climate change is one, population another, biodiversity the third, but not third in number but equal as a problem. National framework Australia's Strategy for Nature Biodiversity conservation Legislation International role Science and research Agriculture is the largest contributor to biodiversity loss with expanding impacts due to changing consumption patterns and growing populations. The Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions ( DBCA) is the Western Australian government department responsible for managing lands and waters described in the Conservation and Land Management Act 1984, the Rottnest Island Authority Act 1987, the Swan and Canning Rivers Management Act 2006, the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority Get incredible stories of extraordinary wildlife, enlightening discoveries and stunning destinations, delivered to your inbox. Home News Biodiversity hotspot in WA explained. I know that you worked to some extent with Hugh Possingham who I think was the Queensland Chief Scientist last year, this year as well, and he came into an argument in South Australia talking about the need to cull koalas because in a certain area they were interfering with, say, the tree growth and suchlike. Some scientists believe that we are now witnessing the sixth mass extinction, the only mass extinction caused by a single species - humans. Humans rely on various plants, animals, and other organisms for food, building materials, and medicines, and their availability as commodities is important to many cultures. This, in turn, has triggered an ever-increasing suite of regulatory controls that are considered to result in delays for the approval of projects. Half of the world's land Biodiversity should be at the top of the global agenda alongside climate, said Anne Larigauderie, IPBES executive secretary, at a 6 May press conference in Paris, France. And Australia should worry about its biodiversity. According to the UK Natural History Museum's biodiversity intactness index, high levels of biodiversity loss has occurred in regions including the UK and Ireland, parts of western Europe and stretches of North America . This is a major commitment, because it is written into the deeds and protects the property in perpetuity from development, but was something both Wayne and Marcia felt was important. A new study reveal why this may be the case. He said that spending on conservation is worthwhile when it involves preserving habitat or targeting pests. Allowing landholders to benefit from the harvest of kangaroos for meat and skins is one idea. You can imagine a migratory species showing up and being unable to refuel on its journey, for example. Bruce Lynchs farm, 150km to the south-west, is also part of the Slopes to Summit region and offers a great example of how adjoining habitat patches can be combined for a better conservation result. He says the work is important because a bird-pollinated system of plants is likely to be quite different to one pollinated by insects and could yield novel insights. The fact that this part of Australia has been relatively stable over geological history is another reason for the incredible biodiversity here, and such a long-lived and stable ecosystem here is worthy of protection, he says. How have population growth, habitat change and introduction of new species affected Australia's biodiversity? But his plan is to try breeding the animals at ambient temperatures and then release them into a large outdoor enclosure at Secret Creek Sanctuary in Lithgow, NSW. During this time they undoubtedly influenced the course of evolution. Environmentally sustainable farming makes Australian farms more productive and, in fact, more profitable, says Brett Heffernan, a spokesperson for the National Farmers Federation. No, there is a race to clear it. It needs funding, but it could be the most exciting project of this kind in the world in terms of an innovative way to counter the unquestioned threat to the survival of a species through climate change, he says. Robyn Williams: Yes, but isn't that the kind of blank cheque argument that the hard economic realities will no longer accept? Companies; Markets; The economy; . Australia ranks as the second worst of the group, with a biodiversity loss of 5-10%. A marsupial is born in a very incomplete state. Well, at the University of Queensland there is a special biodiversity lab, and it is headed by Professor Richard Fuller. This means our south west is a region where exceptional concentrations of endemic species are undergoing exceptional loss of habitat. Weve got to look at very large landscape scalesso that we dont lose the species that are [still healthy].. unsustainable logging, hunting and fishing), pollution (e.g. There's maybe 10 million species of plants and animals on the Earth, and each one of those represents a set of solutions to a particular set of biological problems, any one of which could at some point be of tremendous value to us, whether it's medicines or food or whatever. These trends are all shaped by other indirect . excess fertiliser use and marine litter), invasive alien species and climate change (OECD, 2012 [7]; Managing farmland for conservation also benefits agricultural productivity. . The destruction of habitat by human activities, including land clearing, remains the major cause of biodiversity loss in Australia. Outgoing threatened species commissioner Gregory Andrews caused a stir recently when he suggested there are bigger threats to Australian wildlife than habitat loss. They also stock lightly and now rotate livestock between 35 small paddocks, instead of three large ones. More than 80% of Australia's flowering plants and land mammals are endemic, as are 88% of our reptiles, 45% of our birds and 92% of our frogs. In 2016 the Western Australian government passed the Biodiversity Conservation Act, which will eventually fully replace both the Wildlife Act 1950 and the Sandalwood Act 1929. Australia's biodiversity is both rich and unique. Australias South West: A Hotspot for Wildlife nd Plants that Deserve World Heritage Status. But thats only 20 per cent of Australia. "The impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution are being keenly felt around the globe . Development, with the protection of biodiversity, can only occur with robust scientific information. Biodiversity loss includes the worldwide extinction of different species, as well as the local reduction or loss of species in a certain habitat, resulting in a loss of biological diversity. Embossed with Australian Animals, these premium notebooks are perfect for Back To School. Much of the loss is caused by habitat destruction due to unsustainable agriculture or logging. Zoonoses - diseases transmitted from other animal species to humans - account for approximately 60% of all infectious diseases and 75% of emerging infectious diseases in humans (Taylor, Latham and Woolhouse, 2001 [7]). This has led to habitat change through land clearing and urbanisation, hunting and exploitation. Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. Could these penguin-themed 'icons' become Australia's first heritage-listed rubbish bins? km of conservation-viable land. Our group includes Bruces son Mark, and Nigel Jones, a conservation manager with the Nature Conservation Trust of NSW (NCT). Richard Fuller: My own conservation philosophy is that the world becomes a poorer place every time we lose a species from it. The Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigalpeople as the FirstPeoples and Traditional Custodians of the land andwaterways on which theMuseumstands. What goes on there? But thank you Richard Fuller, and good luck with your work. Basically we are talking about how to sensibly use a finite resource, the landscape, in support of people. Image credit: gadigal yilimung (shield) madeby UncleCharlesChickaMadden. That great PhD student ShawanChowdhury has just finished his PhD on global patterns in migratory butterflies and thinking about conservation of those species. Within decades the impact will be felt on the worlds weather with more species likely finding new conditions unbearable. But with changes to the way we source, produce, use and store energy, just what is in store? When one is communicating to others or when one is trying to work out the worth of different species, I think we start to fall into really difficult territory. In this section, explore all the different ways you can be a part of the Museum's groundbreaking research, as well as come face-to-face with our dedicated staff. Wetlands are the most productive of all biological systems and support a heterogeneous range of wildlife, both aquatic and terrestrial (Jennings 1996). We feel this real connection to the property. The Nature Positive Business Pledge, a new framework designed to support businesses to act on biodiversity loss and contribute towards nature restoration has launched today, with the support of major organisations in the infrastructure, transport, utilities and construction sectors.. RESEARCH INTO THE birds and mammals that pollinate banksias and eucalypts in south-west Western Australia is challenging existing theories on the regions enormous biodiversity. Minerals are the building blocks of our planet. The commission completed its report last July and the government sat on it until a . This is due to the States geographical expanse, climatic diversity, areas of relative wilderness, regions with extremely nutrient-impoverished soils, and the fact that significant areas of WA have not been covered by sea or glaciated over geological time. This South West Biodiversity Hotspot has 8379 native vascular plants (species + subspecies), 47% (3911) of which are endemic (found nowhere else on the planet) 1. Robyn Williams: Biodiversity, a problem as shocking as climate change. Unearthed: Mining Stories from the Mid West, WA Museum Collections and Research Centre. By examining extinction rates in the fossil record and Australias relationship to the size of different islands, Mike has calculated that to give all Australian species a good chance of surviving whatever the future throws at them will require a minimum of about 1.5 million sq. So far, NSW is the only State to have committed cash for the conservation corridor $6.7 million over four years from 2007 enough to kick-start the project within State borders. First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we Richard Fuller: I think there's no question that we've messed up almost every one of the Earth's planetary systems that govern the way nature works, and that means that intervention by us is often needed to keep things on an even keel or to return them to some kind of functional state. We pay our respect to Aboriginal Elders and recognise their continuous connection to Country. Such connections are a major focus of some new conservation approaches. To slow erosion, Bruce and Mark have planted eucalypts and silver wattles along creek lines and have built dams that capture sediment and stop soil being washed away. A genial Aussie with an American accent, Mike gesticulates as he meanders from one fascinating topic to.. 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